Palmyra Castle 敘利亞的這座城堡

真是人類智慧積澱而成，異想不到

李常生整理 2022/09/19

Palmyra Castle, also known as Fakhr-al-Din al-Ma’ani Castle (Arabic: قلعة فخر الدين المعني) or Tadmur Castle, is a castle overlooking Palmyra in the province of Homs, Syria.

The castle is thought to have been built by the Mamluks in the 13th century on a high hill overlooking the historic site of Palmyra, and is named for the Druze emir Fakhr-al-Din II, who extended the Druze domains to the region of Palmyra during the 16th century.

The site of the castle and Palmyra in 1980 became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in recognition of the monumental ruins of a great city, which was one of the most important cultural centres of the ancient world. The site was designated a national monument in Syria and a buffer zone was established in 2007.

The castle lying on raised bedrock was a well defended position for a fortification with thick and high walls, which was also surrounded by a moat that had only one access available through a drawbridge.

The historic site was placed on the list of World Heritage Sites in Danger in 2013 due to the ongoing Syrian Civil War.

The castle was captured by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant during the Palmyra offensive in May 2015.[4] It was recaptured by Syrian government forces in another offensive in March 2016.[5] Retreating ISIS fighters blew up parts of the castle, including the stairway leading to the entrance, causing extensive damage.

The basic structure is still intact, and Syrian director of antiquities Maamoun Abdelkarim stated that the damage is repairable and the castle is to be restored. The castle was captured by ISIL once again in December 2016. However, the Syrian Army captured it again after an assault on 1 March 2017.

The Arab castle, Qala’at Ibn Maan (also known as Fakhr-al-Din al-Maani), situated on a hill overlooking the ruins was orignally constructed by the Mamluks in the 13th century. Palmyra was an ancient city in Syria. It was an important city in central Syria, located in an oasis 215 km northeast of Damascus and 180 km southwest of the Euphrates at Deir ez-Zor. It had long been a vital caravan city for travellers crossing the Syrian desert and was known as the Bride of the Desert. The earliest documented reference to the city by its Semitic name Tadmor, Tadmur or Tudmur (which means ‘the town that repels’ in Amorite and ‘the indomitable town’ in Aramaic) is recorded in Babylonian tablets found in Mari. (Photo by: Pictures From History/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

UNSPECIFIED – MAY 23: Syria – Palmyra. Ancient Palmyra. UNESCO World Heritage List, 1980. Arab fortification Qal’at ibn Ma’an, 16th-17th century (Photo by DEA / C. SAPPA/De Agostini via Getty Images)

Syria, Palmyra. Ruins of Qala’at ibn Maan castle on top of mountain. 17th century. Oais of Tadmor. Photo before the Syrian civil war. (Photo by PHAS/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)